Q. The Mahad Satyagraha was not merely a struggle for water access, but a pioneering movement that sought to bridge the gap between 'formal legality' and 'substantive equality'." In this context, analyze how the events at Mahad served as a conceptual prototype for the fundamental rights enshrined in the Indian Constitution.

Q. Lack of financial resources and independence in managing local funding is hindering the economic and social development of urban areas. Discuss.

Q. “The financial suitability of the Urban local bodies can become a reality only when they receive their due share of public finances.” Explain.

Q. “Is the rising migration of Indian students abroad a case of ‘brain drain’ or ‘brain circulation’?” Analyse the economic and human capital dimensions of Indian student migration and suggest policy measures to maximise national gains."

Q. Why do large cities tend to attract more migrants than smaller towns? Give reasons with examples in support of your answer.

Q. Does urbanization lead to more segregation and/or marginalization of the poor in Indian metropolises? Give reasons with examples in support of your answer.