Context :-
- Global warming is accelerating, with temperatures now increasing at 0.27°C per decade, nearly 50% faster than in the 1990s–2000s (IPCC-linked study, June 2024).
- The world has already warmed by 1.3–1.4°C since pre-industrial levels (WMO).
- The 1.5°C threshold is expected to be breached by around 2030, triggering irreversible climatic changes.
Global Warming and Temperature Exacerbation :-
Global warming refers to the long-term increase in Earth’s average surface temperature, driven by anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These gases trap atmospheric heat, and their increased concentration intensifies this effect, leading to higher global temperatures.
Observed Trends and Variability
- Global Rise: The planet’s average surface temperature has risen significantly, reaching approximately 1.61°C above pre-industrial levels by 2024.
- Geographical Variability: Warming is not uniform. Landmasses warm faster than oceans, and polar regions experience “polar amplification” (faster warming).
- Urban Heat Islands (UHIs): Metropolitan areas are significantly warmer than surrounding rural regions. Global warming amplifies UHI intensity, which in turn increases energy demand for cooling, creating a feedback loop that further contributes to GHG emissions.
Core Consequences of Rising Temperatures :-
Rising global temperatures precipitate severe, systemic consequences:
- Oceans: Accelerated melting of ice sheets causes sea-level rise. Increased atmospheric CO2 absorption leads to ocean acidification, threatening marine ecosystems.
- Extreme Weather: The frequency and intensity of heatwaves, droughts, and major storms (hurricanes) are increasing.
- Ecosystem Disruption: Warming contributes to prolonged wildfire seasons and significant biodiversity loss as habitats are altered.
- Human Impacts: Consequences include disruptions to food production, severe economic costs, and increased risks to public health.
