Context :-
ISRO recently demonstrated the ‘Bootstrap Mode’ start capability for the CE20 cryogenic engine at the ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri. This engine powers the upper stage of the LVM3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3).
What is the ‘Bootstrap Mode’?
It allows the engine to start and reach steady operation using internal propellant tank pressure alone.
The Difference:
- Conventional Mode (Stored Gas): Relies on external gas bottles to drive turbo pumps for ignition.
- Bootstrap Mode: Eliminates the need for external assistance/hardware for ignition.
Why is this Critical for ISRO?
- Multi-Orbit Capability: It enables multiple in-flight restarts. This is essential for missions where satellites need to be injected into different orbits in a single flight.
- Payload Efficiency: It removes the need for heavy gas bottles and associated hardware, thereby reducing the structural weight and increasing the payload capacity.
- About CE20 Engine
- Developer: Indigenously developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), ISRO.
- Application: Powers the Cryogenic Upper Stage of the LVM3 launch vehicle. It has successfully powered six LVM3 missions to date.
Thrust Profile:
- Standard: Qualified for 19 tonnes.
- Human-Rated: Qualified at 20 tonnes for the Gaganyaan mission.
- Future Upgrade: Uprated to 22 tonnes for the proposed C32 stage to enhance payload capacity.
- Technological Innovation: Features a novel Nozzle Protection System and has successfully tested a nozzle area ratio of 100 with a multi-element igniter, validating the engine’s resilience in complex propulsion scenarios.
- About Cryogenics
- Definition: The branch of physics dealing with the production and effects of extremely low temperatures on materials.
- Measurement: Apart from Celsius and Fahrenheit, it primarily utilizes the Kelvin and Rankine scales.
