Context: The Election Commission (EC) has begun the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) enumeration of electoral rolls for 51 crore voters across 12 States and Union Territories. This exercise includes Tamil Nadu, Kerala, West Bengal, and Puducherry, preceding their 2026 Assembly elections.
What is Special Intensive Revision (SIR):
Definition: A Special Intensive Revision (SIR) is an exceptional, ECI-directed voter roll update triggered by mass errors, omissions, or political exigencies.
- Objective: To correct flawed rolls, address voter duplication (e.g., migrants), and ensure inclusive, accurate enrolment.
- Methodology: The process typically relies on intensive, house-to-house physical enumeration to validate voter identity, address, and documentation.
- Historical Context: While SIRs occurred in various states between 1952 and 2004, the 2025 exercise is India’s first nationwide revision in two decades.
Legal & Constitutional Provisions:
- Section 21(3), Representation of the People Act, 1950: Authorizes the ECI to direct fresh electoral roll revisions. These may be intensive (new preparation), summary (updating existing lists), or a combination of both.
- Article 324(1), Constitution of India: Vests the ECI with the superintendence, direction, and control of elections, including the comprehensive management of electoral rolls.
