What is NCSC?
The NCSC is a Constitutional Body established under Article 338 to safeguard the rights and interests of Scheduled Castes (SCs).
Evolution
- Originally: Constitution provided for a Special Officer/Commissioner for SCs and STs under Article 338.
- 65th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1990: Replaced the single-member system with a multi-member National Commission for SCs and STs.
- 89th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003: Created two separate commissions:
- NCSC → National Commission for Scheduled Castes → Article 338
- NCST → National Commission for Scheduled Tribes → Article 338A
- The separate commissions became operational in 2004.
Composition
NCSC consists of:
- Chairperson
- Vice-Chairperson
- Three other Members
Appointment
- Appointed by the President of India by warrant under his hand and seal.
- Their conditions of service and tenure are determined by the President.
Key Functions
The NCSC:
- Investigates and monitors constitutional and legal safeguards for SCs.
- Inquires into complaints regarding deprivation of SC rights and safeguards.
- Advises on socio-economic development of SCs.
- Evaluates the implementation of safeguards and development programmes.
- Submits annual and other reports to the President.
- Recommends measures to the Union and State Governments for protection and welfare of SCs.
Powers of NCSC
While investigating or inquiring into matters, the NCSC has the powers of a civil court.
It can:
- Summon and enforce attendance of persons.
- Examine persons on oath.
- Receive evidence through affidavits.
- Requisition public records from courts or government offices.
- It can also regulate its own procedure.
Consultation
- The Union and State Governments are required to consult the NCSC on all major policy matters affecting Scheduled Castes.
NCSC and OBCs
- Earlier, the Commission also performed functions relating to Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
- This responsibility was removed following the 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018, which gave constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) under Article 338B.
Conclusion
The NCSC serves as an important constitutional safeguard for Scheduled Castes, combining monitoring, investigation, advisory and reporting functions to promote their rights, welfare and socio-economic development.
| This concept has been discussed elaborately in the following article: NAMASTE Scheme: Mechanising Sanitation Work |