1. UNICORN stands for Unified Complex Radio Antenna.
2. It is an integrated naval antenna system intended for use on warships.
3. The project involves co-development and co-production between India and Japan.
4. Bharat Electronics Limited is associated with the Indian side of the project.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. The Dongria Kondh community is classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) indigenous to Odisha.
2. Under the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA), the recommendation of the Gram Sabha is mandatory prior to granting prospecting licences or mining leases for minerals in Scheduled Areas.
3. The Supreme Court in the 2013 Niyamgiri judgment held that the religious and cultural rights of tribal communities can be adjudicated and decided by the local Gram Sabha under the Forest Rights Act, 2006.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. Neelakurinji is scientifically known as Strobilanthes kunthiana.
2. It is associated with the high-altitude shola-grassland ecosystems of the Western Ghats.
3. Its mass flowering generally occurs every 12 years.
4. Kurinjimala Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Idukki district of Kerala and was established for the conservation of Neelakurinji and its habitat.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

I. It functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs.
II. It is a statutory body established under the Coast Guard Act, 1978.
III. It is the Central Coordinating Authority for marine oil spill response in Indian waters under the National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (NOS-DCP).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Articles 53 and 107 permit enforcement actions against an "enemy state" without prior authorization from the UN Security Council.
2. The term "enemy state" applies to any state that was an enemy of any signatory of the UN Charter during the Second World War.
3. An amendment to remove these clauses from the UN Charter requires approval by a two-thirds majority in the UN General Assembly and ratification by all five permanent members of the UN Security Council.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Exercise Tarang Shakti is a bilateral air exercise conducted between India and France.
2. Mission Pégase 26 involved the deployment of Dassault Rafale F4 fighters, Airbus A330 MRTT Phénix tankers, and Airbus A400M Atlas aircraft.
3. France's Indian Ocean territories include Réunion and Mayotte.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. It has a three-level certification framework progressing from self-assessment to third-party verification and international benchmarking.
2. The scheme focuses only on the environmental sustainability of coffee cultivation.
3. The Coffee Board of India is associated with the implementation of the sustainability certification framework.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. LNG is produced by cooling natural gas to approximately −162°C.
2. LNG is primarily composed of methane.
3. Unlike CNG, LNG is stored in a gaseous state under high pressure.
4. LNG is a zero-emission fuel because it does not produce carbon dioxide during combustion.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Unlike conventional LCD and LED displays, an OLED display is self-emissive and does not require a separate backlight unit. 
2. OLED displays utilize carbon-based organic compounds that emit light directly when subjected to an electric current. 
3. Commercial "LED TVs" are fundamentally a subtype of Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) that utilize light-emitting diodes as their backlighting source. 
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. Greenland is separated from Iceland by the Davis Strait.
2. The Pituffik Space Base is a strategic military installation located in Greenland.
3. Greenland is an autonomous region under the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Denmark.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. The Chief Election Commissioner can be removed only in the same manner and on the same grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court. 
2. Article 324(5) provides identical removal protection to all Election Commissioners. 
3. The removal procedure involves parliamentary action and is linked to Article 124(4). 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. VRRR is used by the RBI to absorb surplus liquidity from the banking system.
2. Under VRRR, the interest rate is determined through an auction rather than being fixed in advance by the RBI.
3. In a VRRR operation, the RBI provides funds to banks against eligible securities.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

I. It is being launched by the Sagarmala Finance Corporation Limited (SMFCL), which is registered with the RBI as India's first maritime-focused Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC).
II. Funds raised through a Blue Bond can be utilised only for generating ocean-based renewable energy.
III. SMFCL was earlier known as the Sagarmala Development Company Limited before its restructuring in June 2025.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The Supreme Court recently held that a democratically elected government has the authority to define the National Song and determine its scope or length.
2. Refusing to sing the National Song or the National Anthem can be subjected to criminal prosecution and penal consequences under Article 51A (Fundamental Duties).
3. The protection extended to conscientious objectors who refuse to sing based on religious freedom or conscience is rooted in the principles laid down in the Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala (1986) case.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The project is proposed in the Siang and Upper Siang districts of Arunachal Pradesh.
2. It is proposed on the Siang River, which is an important tributary of the Brahmaputra river system.
3. The project was declared a National Project in 2008.
4. The project is currently under construction with an installed capacity of about 11,000 MW.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. Under Paragraph 15 of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968, the Election Commission of India can decide which faction of a recognised political party is entitled to its name and reserved symbol.
2. While deciding such disputes, the Election Commission may consider the organisational as well as legislative support enjoyed by rival factions.
3. If the dispute cannot be finally resolved before an imminent election, the Election Commission may freeze the disputed symbol and allow rival factions to contest using temporary names and free symbols.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The right to know the grounds of arrest in writing and access to legal counsel of choice are mandatory safeguards under Article 22(1).
2. The subsequent filing of a chargesheet automatically regularizes an arrest made in violation of Article 22(1).
3. Probe agencies enjoy complete immunity from judicial oversight when re-arresting a person for grave offenses.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Under Paragraph 15 of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968, the Election Commission of India can decide which faction of a recognised political party is entitled to its name and reserved symbol.
2. While deciding such disputes, the Election Commission may consider the organisational as well as legislative support enjoyed by rival factions.
3. If the dispute cannot be finally resolved before an imminent election, the Election Commission may freeze the disputed symbol and allow rival factions to contest using temporary names and free symbols.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Court deposits may be made by litigants pursuant to judicial directions during ongoing proceedings.
2. The Supreme Court has highlighted the need for greater uniformity in the handling and investment of such deposits.
3. The Supreme Court has suggested examining the U.S. Court Registry Investment System as a possible model.
4. The Law Commission of India has been directed to establish the proposed common investment platform immediately.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. Metformin and Sulfonylureas are included in India’s National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). 
2. SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and GLP-1 receptor agonists are currently included under the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM). 
3. Section 3(d) of the Indian Patents Act functions as a safeguard against the evergreening of patents by disallowing patents on mere discoveries of new forms of known substances without significant efficacy enhancement.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. It is located in a star-forming region. 
2. It is situated within a circumstellar disk of gas and dust. 
3. It is approximately 55 light-years from Earth. 
4. It is believed to be still undergoing planetary formation. 
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. Gondhal is a Marathi film set against the cultural backdrop of Maharashtra.
2. It has been selected as India’s official entry for the Best International Feature Film category at the Oscars 2027.
3. The film’s director won the Silver Peacock for Best Director at IFFI 2025.
4. India has already won the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. It is located in northern Oman. 
2. It is situated on the Gulf of Oman. 
3. It lies outside the Strait of Hormuz. 
4. It provides maritime access to the Arabian Sea. 
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. The Montreal Protocol controls the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances.
2. The Kigali Amendment regulates HFCs because they are major ozone-depleting substances.
3. The Multilateral Fund provides financial assistance to developing countries for implementing the Protocol.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. All Person-to-Person (P2P) transfers remain completely exempt from MDR charges regardless of value.
2. A small merchant under the P2PM category is migrated to the taxable P2M status if their collections exceed ₹1 lakh in any single month.
3. Recurring Systematic Investment Plan (SIP) payments made via UPI Autopay carry a flat MDR fee of 0.02%.
4. Payments above ₹2,000 account for less than 5% of total UPI merchant volume but constitute nearly two-thirds of total P2M transaction value.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

I. It is proposed on the Tons river along the Himachal Pradesh--Uttarakhand border.
II. It has a proposed installed capacity of 422 MW and an estimated cost of ₹15,624 crore.
III. Under the 1994 agreement, the Centre will bear about 50 per cent of the project cost.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. FSSAI has proposed prominent warning labels on packaged foods containing high levels of specified nutrients such as added sugar, added fat and salt.
2. The proposed thresholds are linked to the Dietary Guidelines for Indians, 2024.
3. FSSAI is a statutory authority established under the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006.
4. Front-of-pack labelling is intended only to provide information about the manufacturing and expiry dates of packaged food.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. India and Canada are seeking to conclude a trade agreement by the end of 2026.
2. Bilateral trade between India and Canada is currently around US$8 billion, while the investment relationship is considerably larger.
3. Institutional investors may include pension funds, insurance companies and mutual funds.
4. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) refers exclusively to investment in government securities of another country.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. It is an indigenously built Ocean Research Vessel constructed by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE).
2. It operates under the aegis of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways.
3. It is designed to conduct deep-sea surveys at depths up to 6,000 metres under the Deep Ocean Mission.
Which of the statements given above are correct? 

1. Orangutans are naturally found in India.
2. All three living orangutan species are classified as Critically Endangered by the IUCN.
3. Orangutans are listed under CITES Appendix I.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (WDFC) connects Dadri in Uttar Pradesh directly to Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT) in Maharashtra.
2. The Western DFC is funded primarily by the World Bank, whereas the Eastern DFC is funded by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
3. The Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India Limited (DFCCIL) is a statutory body established through a dedicated Act of Parliament.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The BF-BOF route uses coking coal as a reducing agent, resulting in higher emissions intensity than the scrap-based Electric Arc Furnace route.
2. Under the National Mission on Green Steel, any steel produced with an emissions intensity below 2.2 tonnes of CO2-equivalent per tonne of crude steel can be certified as green steel.
3. Electric Arc Furnaces cannot utilize Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) and must rely entirely on imported steel scrap.
4. India’s average emissions intensity per tonne of crude steel is currently lower than the global average.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. The Mercator projection preserves area accurately across the globe.
2. The Equal Earth projection is an equal-area projection.
3. No flat map projection can simultaneously preserve area, shape, distance and direction perfectly.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. They contain tobacco leaves and are therefore automatically regulated as tobacco products under COTPA. 
2. The Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes Act, 2019 directly prohibits nicotine pouches. 
3. Indian food-safety regulations prohibit the use of nicotine as an ingredient in food products. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the nodal ministry for implementation of the FRA. 
2. The FRA explicitly mandates 100% Gram Sabha consent for diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes. 
3. Gram Sabha plays a central role in the recognition and determination of forest rights under the FRA. 
4. The proposal for 70–75% “qualified super-majority consent” is an existing statutory requirement under the FRA. 
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. It is a point-to-point communication technology that requires the active mobile numbers of users in a disaster-hit area.
2. The indigenous CBS technology has been developed by the Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT).
3. The alerts under this system are exclusively triggered and operated by the India Meteorological Department (IMD).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 

1. It is India's first dedicated imaging satellite placed in a geosynchronous orbit (~36,000 km above Earth).
2. The satellite was injected directly into its final geostationary orbit using the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).
3. It serves as a replacement for the EOS-03 satellite lost during the GSLV-F10 mission.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. Regulation of fishing within the 12 nautical miles of territorial waters falls under the primary domain of the respective coastal State Governments.
2. Fishing activities beyond territorial waters in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) are regulated by Central laws.
3.State governments can completely ban the transit of fishing gear through territorial waters even if the gear is meant strictly for EEZ fishing.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Under a USD-INR buy/sell swap, the immediate injection of foreign exchange into the RBI’s reserves simultaneously drains primary Rupee liquidity from the domestic banking system.
2. In a Foreign Currency Non-Resident (Bank) [FCNR(B)] deposit account, the exchange rate fluctuation risk is borne by the commercial bank rather than the depositor.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Mangroves are important blue-carbon ecosystems because they store carbon in both biomass and sediments.
2. Pichavaram Mangroves are located in Tamil Nadu and are associated with the Vellar–Coleroon river system.
3. Blue carbon refers exclusively to carbon stored in terrestrial forests and grasslands.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. It is the largest right-bank tributary of the Ganga River system.
2. It originates near the Amarkantak Plateau, close to the source of the Narmada River.
3. Rihand and North Koel are major right-bank tributaries of the Sone River.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. India became a full member of the SCO in 2017.
2. The SCO Secretariat is located in Beijing, while its Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) is based in Tashkent.
3. The SCO is a military alliance established primarily to counter NATO.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

I. The Construction and Infrastructure Equipment (CIE) scheme was announced in the Union Budget 2025-26.
II. India is currently the world's second-largest construction equipment market.
III. The construction equipment industry in India was valued at about ₹97,500 Crore in 2024-25.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. It was a 675-kilometer human chain organized in 1989 to protest against Soviet occupation.
2. The movement was organized on the 50th anniversary of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.
3. The leaders of the Singing Revolution explicitly drew inspiration from Gandhian non-violence and civil disobedience.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

I. The Javelin is a man-portable anti-tank guided missile jointly produced by Raytheon and Lockheed Martin.
II. India is procuring the Javelin missile system through the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) route.
III. Tata Advanced Systems Limited will manufacture the complete Javelin missile system indigenously without any US-sourced components.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

I. The scheme seeks to replace over two lakh trucks and buses conforming to BS-IV or older emission norms in Delhi and select NCR districts within one year.
II. The scheme is funded through the National Capital Region Planning Board under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.
III. Trucks and buses contribute about 36% of vehicular PM2.5 emissions in the Delhi-NCR region despite forming only 3.1% of the total vehicle fleet.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

I. Small, short-lived brightening events cluster around the eventual flare location hours before eruption.
II. Ground-based observatories alone captured all near-ultraviolet wavelengths without atmospheric interference.
III. The Aditya-L1 mission includes payloads such as SUIT, SoLEXS, and HELIOS.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. It is held on the Pamba River in Kerala.
2. The traditional boats used in the event are known as Palliyodams.
3. It is closely associated with the Aranmula Parthasarathy Temple dedicated to Lord Krishna.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. A Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) involves the sudden release of water stored in a glacial lake.
2. An ice or rock avalanche can trigger the sudden release of water from a glacial lake.
3. Every flash flood occurring in the Himalayan region is necessarily a GLOF.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The LAC is a mutually demarcated international boundary between India and China.
2. India and China have differing perceptions regarding certain segments of the LAC.
3. The Special Representatives mechanism for the boundary question was established in 2003.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

I. Gajapayana refers to the ceremonial elephant march that marks the beginning of Mysuru Dasara preparations.
II. The Golden Howdah used to carry the deity during the Jamboo Savari weighs approximately 750 kg.
III. Mysuru Dasara is celebrated primarily to commemorate Lord Rama's victory over Ravana, as described in the Ramayana.
Which of them given above is/are correct?
(a) I and II only
(b) II and III only
(c) I and III only
(d) I, II and III

I. Darjeeling tea has been accorded a Geographical Indication (GI) tag.
II. Small tea growers account for the majority of production in the Dooars-Terai tea-growing region.
III. The Indian Tea Association's White Papers were released jointly with the Tea Board of India as the sole implementing authority.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

I. The Bhotekoshi River eventually enters India as the Gandak River.
II. The flood was officially confirmed by Nepali authorities to be a classic Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF).
III. Rainfall was recorded on the Tibetan side of the border before the flood, while the Nepali side received no rain.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. CBG can be produced from biogas generated through the decomposition of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. 
2. CBG can serve as an alternative to conventional fossil fuels. 
3. CBG can be produced only from cattle dung. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

I. The Cauvery Water Management Authority was constituted under the Cauvery Water Management Scheme, 2018, pursuant to the Supreme Court's final verdict in the Cauvery water dispute.
II. The Cauvery Water Regulation Committee (CWRC) functions independently of the CWMA and holds final authority over inter-State water allocation.
III. Under Article 262 of the Constitution, Parliament may by law bar the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and other courts in respect of inter-State river water disputes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Q. Consider the following statements regarding the Jojari River:
1. It is a tributary of the Luni River system.
2. It flows through the arid region of Rajasthan.
3. The Luni River ultimately drains towards the Rann of Kachchh.
4. The Jojari is a perennial river originating in the Himalayas.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. Popcorn is a specialised type of maize selected for its ability to expand when heated.
2. Hybridisation necessarily involves genetic modification of the crop using genetic engineering.
3. A crop variety can be both hybrid and non-GM.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

I. The Prevention of Insults to National Honour (Amendment) Act, 2026 makes it mandatory to sing all six stanzas of Vande Mataram at official functions.
II. The Supreme Court in Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala (1986) held that the Fundamental Duties under Article 51A cannot override the Fundamental Rights guaranteed under Part III.
III. Vande Mataram was accorded equal status with Jana Gana Mana through a statement by Dr. Rajendra Prasad at the Constituent Assembly in 1950.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The Kaziranga–Karbi Anglong Elephant Reserve is the largest elephant reserve in Assam.
2. Wildlife corridors connecting Kaziranga National Park with the Karbi Anglong Hills facilitate ecological connectivity and animal movement.
3. Eco-Sensitive Zones around protected areas must necessarily have a uniform width throughout the boundary of the protected area.
4. The Central Empowered Committee is associated with monitoring compliance with Supreme Court orders relating to forests and wildlife.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. Influenza A and Influenza B viruses can cause seasonal epidemics in humans.
2. Influenza A viruses are classified into subtypes such as H1N1 and H3N2.
3. Influenza D viruses are known to cause seasonal epidemics in humans.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. NAMASTE aims to promote the mechanisation of sanitation work and improve the safety of sanitation workers.
2. The scheme initially focused on Sewer and Septic Tank Workers and was later expanded to include Waste Pickers.
3. The proposed expansion of the scheme seeks to include workers engaged in Sewage Treatment Plants and Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants.
4. NAMASTE is implemented exclusively by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

I. The Gaganyaan crew module will encounter re-entry temperatures as high as 1,800°C.
II. An ablative TPS is a reusable thermal protection system that changes phase to absorb heat.
III. ISRO's Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE) was India's maiden re-entry mission and used a carbon phenolic ablative TPS.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The NMR is maintained by the Ethics and Medical Registration Board (EMRB) of the National Medical Commission.
2. It is intended to function independently of the State Medical Registers.
3. It can contain information regarding the suspension, removal and restoration of a doctor’s registration.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Exercise/Agreement Nature
1. JIMEX Naval Exercise
2. Dharma Guardian Army Exercise
3. Veer Guardian Air Force Exercise
4. ACSA Defence Logistics Agreement
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

I. Zhuque-3 is a rocket developed by the China National Space Administration (CNSA).
II. Zhuque-3’s first stage was recovered on land using deployable landing legs.
III. The first stage of the Long March-10B rocket was recovered on a platform at sea in July.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. India meets a substantial proportion of its crude oil requirement through imports.
2. An increase in international crude oil prices can widen India’s merchandise trade deficit even if the volume of crude imported remains unchanged.
3. The Indian Crude Basket is identical to the Brent crude oil benchmark.
4. LNG is natural gas converted into liquid form primarily to facilitate transportation and storage.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

I. H1N1 is a subtype of the Influenza A virus.
II. Routine H1N1 testing is conducted at all government hospitals in India.
III. Anti-flu drugs are more effective when administered within the first few days of fever onset.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. CBAM seeks to address the problem of carbon leakage.
2. Iron and steel, aluminium, cement, fertilisers, electricity and hydrogen are among the sectors covered under CBAM.
3. CBAM is designed to replace the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) for carbon-intensive industries within the European Union.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. Agniveers are recruited for a fixed period of four years under the Agnipath Scheme.
2. Up to 25% of a batch of Agniveers may be retained for regular service in the Armed Forces.
3. Ex-Agniveers are eligible for reservation in recruitment to certain posts in CAPFs and Assam Rifles.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

I. An RDE achieves combustion at constant volume, unlike a conventional engine which combusts at constant pressure.
II. In an RDE, the detonation wave travels through an annular combustion chamber in a single, non-repeating pulse.
III. RDEs are reported to offer around 10% to 25% more thermodynamic efficiency than conventional combustors.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Bundibugyo virus belongs to the Orthoebolavirus genus.
2. Ervebo® is a licensed vaccine specifically approved against Bundibugyo virus disease.
3. Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are considered likely natural hosts of Orthoebolaviruses.
4. Early intensive supportive care can improve survival in Ebola disease.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. Elephant corridors facilitate movement between two or more viable habitat patches.
2. Elephant corridors are synonymous with Elephant Reserves notified under Project Elephant.
3. Habitat fragmentation and physical barriers can impair elephant corridors.
4. The Indian Elephant is listed under Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. The National Green Tribunal banned rat-hole coal mining in Meghalaya in 2014.
2. The Supreme Court upheld the prohibition on unscientific rat-hole mining in 2019.
3. The Sixth Schedule provides an unrestricted constitutional exemption to Meghalaya from central mining and environmental laws.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The case originated from a 2003 resolution of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly alleging breach of privilege by The Hindu under Article 194 of the Constitution. 
2. The Union Government was impleaded as a party in 2023 by a seven-judge Bench headed by then Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud. 
3. The matter was referred directly from the five-judge Constitution Bench to a seven-judge Bench in 2003, without any intervening reference. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. SraVaani was developed by IISc’s Speech and Language Technology (SPIRE) Lab in collaboration with ARTPARK and Google. 
2. SraVaani is trained on 65 Indian languages and dialects, covering 20 Scheduled Languages and 45 regional languages and dialects. 
3. SraVaani is released under a proprietary licence restricted to research use only. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

I. Semicon Mission 2.0 provides incentives only for semiconductor fabrication units and excludes suppliers of raw materials and gases.
II. Under the Mobile Phone Manufacturing Scheme (MPMS), companies may receive additional incentives for domestic sourcing of key components and for undertaking product design and R&D.
III. The National Investment Policy for Urea-2026 seeks to promote the establishment of gas-based urea plants to reduce India's dependence on imports.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. The framework mandates a uniform, identical data governance structure for all Regulated Entities irrespective of their size or business model.
2. It aims to harmonize data management practices in banks with the provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023.
3. Regulated Entities are required to review their established Data Governance Framework at least once every three years.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Unlike traditional Hindu shrines, the idols of the main triad are carved from sacred wood and undergo a ceremonial renewal process known as Nabakalebara.
2. The Chhera Pahanra ritual, where the Gajapati King sweeps the chariots, symbolizes the concept of absolute spiritual equality.
3. The temple complex represents the Nagara sub-style of architecture and was constructed by the rulers of the Eastern Ganga Dynasty.
Which of the statements database given above are correct?

1. The scheme was approved with the objective of achieving 50 GWh of domestic ACC manufacturing capacity.
2. The entire 50 GWh capacity under the scheme has already been fully allocated to domestic manufacturers.
3. The newly tendered 10 GWh capacity is earmarked specifically for Grid-Scale Stationary Storage applications.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 

1. The United Kingdom has agreed to eliminate tariffs on 99.6% of Indian exports by value under the agreement. 
2. The Double Contribution Convention (DCC) exempts Indian professionals temporarily working in the U.K. from social-security contributions for up to three years. 
3. India has agreed to remove tariffs on all agricultural products imported from the U.K. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The Indian Grey Hornbill is endemic to the Indian subcontinent.
2. It plays an important ecological role as a long-distance seed disperser.
3. It is currently classified as Endangered under the IUCN Red List.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Finance.
2. India has ratified the International Labour Organization (ILO) Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29).
3. Article 23 of the Indian Constitution explicitly prohibits begar and other forms of forced labour.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. It is a comprehensive response launched by the Ministry of External Affairs to track Indian citizens stranded in land-locked conflict zones.
2. The real-time operational dashboard under this initiative tracks Indian seafarers only if they are aboard vessels flying the Indian national flag.
3. The tracking scope explicitly covers high-risk maritime zones including the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Rainfall was identified as the strongest environmental factor influencing elephant occurrence.
2. Elephants completely avoid human-dominated landscapes.
3. Dense vegetation enhances elephant movement and habitat use.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The LAHDCs in Leh and Kargil were established under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution. 
2. Ladakh became a Union Territory following the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019. 
3. The Sixth Schedule currently applies to Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The Badagas are the largest indigenous ethno-linguistic community of the Nilgiri Hills. 
2. Badaga is an Indo-Aryan language written in the Tamil script. 
3. Devva Habba begins with the ritual of Niligolu, in which sacred fire is produced by friction. 
4. The Badaga community is currently classified as a Scheduled Tribe in Tamil Nadu. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The SHANTI Act permits private Indian companies and joint ventures to participate in the civilian nuclear sector, enabling them to import uranium alongside public entities like DAE and NPCIL.
2. Thorium is a directly fissile material capable of sustaining an independent nuclear chain reaction, eliminating India's reliance on imported uranium for its long-term nuclear ambitions.
3. The first criticality of the 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam marks India’s transition into the second stage of its three-stage nuclear programme.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The i-DRONE initiative was originally launched during the COVID-19 pandemic to deliver vaccines in geographically challenging regions. 
2. Under the initiative, drones are used only for transporting sputum samples related to tuberculosis. 
3. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads through the air. 
4. India aims to eliminate tuberculosis by 2025 under the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP). 
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. Helium is produced naturally through the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium within the Earth's crust. 
2. Helium is commercially extracted mainly from natural gas reservoirs. 
3. Helium has the highest boiling point among all elements. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. DDCs constitute the district tier of the Panchayati Raj system in Jammu & Kashmir. 
2. Every DDC consists of 14 directly elected members. 
3. District Planning Committees are constitutional bodies under Article 243ZD. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Gaganyaan is India's first indigenous human spaceflight mission, aimed at sending astronauts to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and safely returning them to Earth.
2. The Crew Module Uprighting System (CMUS) helps the Crew Module regain an upright position after sea splashdown.
3. The Service Module is the pressurised habitable module that carries astronauts during the mission.
4. The mission will be launched using the human-rated LVM3 launch vehicle.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1.The project aims to transfer the surplus water from Betwa basin to Ken basin.
2.Both the Ken and Betwa rivers are tributaries of the Chambal river.
3.The Baghelkhand region is expected to benefit the most from the Project.
How many of the above statements are correct?

1. Mahendragiri is the sixth Project 17A indigenous stealth frigate of the Indian Navy. 
2. Mahendragiri has been designed by the Warship Design Bureau (WDB) and built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL). 
3. The ship has more than 75 percent indigenous content. 
4. Mahendragiri is capable only of anti-submarine operations. 
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. Under Schedule K of the Drugs Rules, 1945, certain medicinal products are granted exemptions from regular licensing requirements under specific conditions.
2. Placing a medicinal formulation under Schedule H1 legally permits its over-the-counter (OTC) sale without a physician's prescription, provided a trace register is maintained.
3. The statutory threshold for mandatory licensing of ethyl alcohol-containing medicinal formulations applies exclusively if the alcohol concentration touches 100% v/v.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 

1. Every Institute of National Importance is established or declared through an Act of Parliament.
2. IITs and IIMs derive their governance framework from their respective Acts.
3. The University Grants Commission administers all Institutes of National Importance.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) was established under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 
2. HIV primarily attacks the CD4 (T-helper) cells of the human immune system. 
3. India follows the global 95-95-95 targets, under which 95% of people living with HIV should achieve viral suppression. 
4. HIV can spread through mosquito bites and casual contact. 
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) has statutory powers of search and seizure under the MMDR Act, 1957. 
2. State Governments have the exclusive power to frame rules for preventing illegal mining of minor minerals. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Drishti-10 is a Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) UAV.
2. It is manufactured by Adani Defence & Aerospace in collaboration with USA's Elbit Systems.
3. It is primarily designed for maritime surveillance and intelligence gathering.
4. It is an armed Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle (UCAV) capable of carrying missiles.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. The National Board for Wildlife is a statutory body constituted under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. 
2. The Prime Minister of India serves as the Chairperson of the NBWL. 
3. The Standing Committee of the NBWL grants clearances for projects located within or around protected areas and Eco-Sensitive Zones. 
4. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 provides for the creation of Biosphere Reserves and Ramsar Sites. 
Which of the statements given above are correct?

Region in News Country
1. Darfur Sudan
2. Kordofan Ethiopia
3. Blue Nile South Sudan
How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

1. India is a party to all four Geneva Conventions of 1949. 
2. The Fourth Geneva Convention deals primarily with the protection of civilians during armed conflicts. 
3. Universal jurisdiction permits a State to prosecute certain grave international crimes irrespective of where they were committed or the nationality of the accused. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. Prambanan is the largest Hindu temple complex in Indonesia. 
2. It is dedicated to the Hindu Trimurti—Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. 
3. It was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991. 
4. The temple complex is located in Bali. 
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. The Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket (LRGR) is a surface-to-surface ballistic missile developed by DRDO.
2. It can be launched from the existing in-service Pinaka launcher without major modifications.
3. The recent flight test of the Pinaka LRGR was conducted at the Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, Odisha.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. It was established under the provisions of the Inter-State Water Disputes Act, 1956.
2. The tribunal awarded the largest share of utilizable water to the state of Gujarat.
3. Rajasthan, despite being a non-riparian state, was allocated a share of the Narmada waters by the tribunal.
Which of the statements given above are correct? 

1. Mission Drishti is the world's first OptoSAR Earth observation satellite that integrates optical imaging and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) into a single payload. 
2. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) relies on sunlight for imaging and cannot operate during cloudy conditions or at night. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

I. E20 fuel is formulated with a lower Research Octane Number (RON) than conventional petrol to match the combustion parameters of uncalibrated legacy vehicles. 
II. Ethanol is a hygroscopic substance, which makes it highly prone to moisture absorption and subsequent phase separation when stored in conventional fuel tanks. 
III. Fuel-grade ethanol is legally treated with denaturants during the manufacturing process to render the alcohol unfit for human consumption.
How many of the statements given above are correct? 

1. Article 21 
2. Article 22(1) 
3. Article 39A 
Select the correct answer using the code below:

1. It monitors battery voltage, current, and temperature. 
2. It helps balance individual battery cells to improve efficiency. 
3. It is primarily responsible for controlling the vehicle's braking system. 
Which of the statements given above are correct?

I. The UNSC is the only principal organ of the United Nations possessing the authority to issue legally binding resolutions on member states. 
II. The Uniting for Consensus group, also known as the Coffee Club, advocates for the immediate inclusion of the G4 nations as permanent members of the UNSC. 
III. Any structural amendment to the UN Charter strictly requires ratification by a two-thirds majority of member states, which must include all five permanent members without opposition.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

I. INS Mahendragiri is the final seventh ship of the Nilgiri Class designed independently by the Warship Design Bureau.
 II. These frigates are configured with Combined Diesel or Gas (CODOG) propulsion plants managed by an Integrated Platform Management System.
 III. The primary anti-surface weapon suite integrated onto Project 17A platforms is the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. SOLVE is a dedicated experimental sub-orbital test platform developed by ISRO. 
2. It is primarily designed to test the deceleration system of the Gaganyaan Crew Module. 
3. It is intended to place satellites into Low Earth Orbit. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. It means feeding infants only breast milk for the first six months of life. 
2. WHO recommends initiating breastfeeding within one hour of birth. 
3. Water may be given to exclusively breastfed infants during the first six months. 
Which of the statements given above are correct?

I. Pandavani is a lyrical folk ballad form native to Chhattisgarh that primarily narrates the epic Mahabharata.
II. Ankia Nat is a traditional one-act play native to Assam, pioneered historically by Srimanta Sankardev. 
III. Yakshagana is a traditional street theatre performed exclusively during village temple festivals in Uttar Pradesh.
How many of the statements given above are correct? 

I. Matcha tea is uniquely produced by exposing the Camellia sinensis leaves to continuous, direct sunlight for several weeks prior to harvesting to maximize chlorophyll levels. 
II. The Tea Board of India is a statutory organization that functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Commerce. 
III. The optimal geographical conditions for tea cultivation include slightly acidic, calcium-free soil and a sloping terrain to ensure continuous water drainage.
How many of the statements given above are correct?

1. It is located in Assam and shares a boundary with Pakke Tiger Reserve in Arunachal Pradesh. 
2. The Jia Bhoroli River flows through the reserve. 
3. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. It originates from Tso Lhamo Lake in Sikkim. 
2. It is a tributary of the Brahmaputra River. 
3. The 2011 Teesta Water Sharing Agreement between India and Bangladesh has been formally implemented. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 is the parent legislation that provides the legal framework for regulating drugs and cosmetics in India. 
2. The Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 can be amended by the Executive through gazette notifications. 
3. The Central Licensing Approval Authority (CLAA) functions under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. 
4. The recent amendment to the Drugs Rules, 1945 brings stem cell-derived products, gene therapeutic products, and xenografts under the purview of the CLAA. 
Which of the statements given above are correct?

1. It is a submarine fibre-optic communication cable connecting India, Malaysia, and Singapore. 
2. The project aims to improve connectivity for AI workloads, cloud computing, and data centres. 
3. The Indian landing stations are located at Mumbai and Chennai. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. It is India's first privately developed orbital launch vehicle. 
2. It is being developed by Agnikul Cosmos. 
3. It is designed to place small satellites into Low Earth Orbit (LEO). 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

I. The Digital Bharat Nidhi represents a newly established, separate fiscal corpus funded entirely by the Consolidated Fund of India to support urban telecom startups. 
II. Under the Telecommunications Act, 2023, the executive power to issue data interception directives has been made subject to mandatory external judicial checks to enhance privacy safeguards.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. It increases the guaranteed wage employment from 100 days to 125 days per rural household in a financial year. 
2. It prescribes a national minimum wage floor of ₹300 per day, while allowing States to pay higher wages. 
3. The overall implementation of the Act is overseen by the Ministry of Labour and Employment. 
4. Under the Act, the total expenditure is shared in a 90:10 ratio between the Centre and States for all States. 
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?